Rice is a staple food for more than half of the world's population and plays a vital role in global nutrition and food security. It is a cereal grain derived from the Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or Oryza glaberrima (African rice) plant and comes in various types, including white, brown, basmati, jasmine, and wild rice. White rice is the most commonly consumed form, while brown rice retains its bran and germ layers, offering more fiber and nutrients. Rice is rich in carbohydrates, making it an excellent source of energy, and also provides small amounts of protein, B vitamins, iron, and magnesium. Brown rice, in particular, is known for its health benefits, including improved digestion, heart health, and blood sugar control. Versatile and easy to prepare, rice is a key ingredient in countless cuisines, from Asian stir-fries and Indian biryanis to Latin American and Mediterranean dishes.